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Title
Japanese: 
English:Seasonal sea breeze variation analysis based on multi-year near-surface observations in Jakarta, Indonesia 
Author
Japanese: I DEWA GEDE Agung Junnaedhi, 稲垣 厚至, MUHAMMADRezza Ferdiansyah, 神田 学.  
English: I Dewa Gede Agung Junnaedhi, Atsushi Inagaki, Rezza Ferdiansyah Muhammad, Manabu Kanda.  
Language English 
Journal/Book name
Japanese: 
English:International Journal of Climatology 
Volume, Number, Page vol. 43    Issue 11    p. 5177-5195
Published date June 12, 2023 
Publisher
Japanese: 
English:John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society 
Conference name
Japanese: 
English: 
Conference site
Japanese: 
English: 
File
Official URL https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/joc.8139
 
DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8139
Abstract In this study, multi-year near-surface observations were conducted at two sites in Jakarta, Indonesia to analyse seasonal sea breeze variation. Seasonal length was defined using observed zonal wind components, the rainy season was defined as December–March, and the dry season was defined as May–September. We found that the sea breeze in Jakarta started earlier, propagated more rapidly, and lasted for a shorter period of time during the rainy than dry season. Variation in the air temperature difference between urban and coastal areas of Jakarta was the major factor driving sea breeze seasonal variation. During the rainy season, night-time cloud downwelling decreased this air temperature difference, causing earlier sea breeze onset and more rapid sea breeze propagation due to a weaker land breeze. By contrast, during the dry season, intense night-time radiative cooling inland caused a strong negative temperature difference that produced a stronger land breeze, thus, slowing sea breeze propagation. Seasonal differences in urban surface heating and urban heat island circulation may also affect sea breeze onset and propagation speed. Discrepancies in thermal properties between urban core and coastal areas of Jakarta also prolonged positive temperature differences after sunset, thus extending the sea breeze duration in the dry season.

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