Novel hybrid hydrogels composed of tag-peptides (antigens) displaying filamentous viruses and antibody-immobilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through specific interactions between the two components were constructed. The strength of the antigen antibody interactions greatly affected the macroscopic mechanical properties. The phages and the GNPs in the hydrogels formed lyotropic liquid crystals and well-ordered network structures, respectively. It was suggested that the structurally much different components were cooperatively assembled into the highly regular structures through time-dependent cross-linking processes. This hybrid hydrogel of visible and huge components will open attractive opportunities for the science and technology of next-generation soft materials.
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