A number of buildings were damaged by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in
the Tohoku area. The research objective is to determine the significant predictor variables
of the level of building damage. This paper used detailed data on damaged buildings in
Kesennuma City, Japan, collected by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and
Tourism (MLIT). The tested explanatory parameters included the inundation depth,
number of floors, volume of the building, debris flow, structural material, and function of
the building. Through multinomial logistic regression, the results found that the number of
floors was significantly associated with the damage level; the inundation depth, structural
material (reinforced concrete and masonry), and function of the building (commercial
facility, transportation/storage facility, and public facility) were partially associated with the
damage level. This study can contribute to academic research by assessing the contribution
of different variables to observed damage data by applying statistical analysis, as well as the
practical contribution of providing an examination of the predominant factors driving
tsunami damage to buildings.
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