In order to manage land and water in water limited area, it is important to know vegetation response to drought as a change in land cover affects water balance in a catchment. For better understanding of vegetation response to drought, we aimed to investigate vegetation response to the Millennium Drought (MD) (1997-2009) which occurred in Southeast Australia. Trends of vegetation during the MD were examined using two different vegetation indices; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD). Correlation analysis between two vegetation indices and climate factors was also conducted. The results of two statistical analyses were analyzed in different climate zones. We found that NDVI did not show decreasing trends while VOD had strong decreasing trends in most of the target area. In addition, climate factors correlated more with VOD than NDVI, showing resilience of leaf components of vegetation to drought. Our results indicate that greenness of vegetation is resilient to drought while water content of vegetation is damaged by long-term dry condition. The result of the analysis in different climate zones showed that VOD was more sensitive to climate factors in semi-arid and arid areas, while NDVI was relatively more sensitive to climate in semi-humid areas.
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