This study examined perceptions of Japanese female students' on leadership qualitiesdisplayed by superior leaders in mono- and multicultural groups. The results revealed thatfor both mono- and multicultural groups, their personal qualities related to distinctivecharacteristics, which were superior to those of other members, were perceived as leadershipqualities, along with attitudes and behaviors that promote interaction with members andorganizations. For monocultural groups, abilities, attitudes, and behaviors specificallyassociated with critical moments and emergencies, rather than normal situations, wereperceived as leadership qualities, whereas for multicultural gr oups, leadership was perceived interms of coordination capability and attitudes in cross-cultura l cooperative activities.