Sediment resuspension in Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) occurs predominantly during the period from March to June when the lake is shallow. According to our survey in 2016–2017, the average resuspension rate ± standard error in the whole lake was 115 ± 66 g/m2/day in September, 93 ± 128 g/m2/day in December, 260 ± 246 g/m2/day in March, and 348 ± 227 g/m2/day in June. Resuspension rates in the low-water period (i.e., March and June) had a positive correlation with the concentration of total suspended solids (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). These results indicate that sediment in TSL and its floodplain is a major source of suspended solids during the low-water period. The resuspension rate is reduced by floodplain vegetation to approximately one-third of that in the open water of TSL. Besides water level and vegetation, several factors such as the dynamic ratio, wind, human activity, and aquatic fauna affect resuspension, and their relative importance varies with the water level. Overall, the flood pulse substantially influences sediment dynamics in TSL, especially resuspension, as a distinct seasonal process.
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