"Kiichi Tokuyama,Tatsuaki Kimura,Naoto Miyoshi","Periodic handover skipping in cellular networks: Spatially stochastic modeling and analysis",,"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications",,"volume 23","issue 1","pp. 91 - 103",2024,Jan.
"Subhro Ghosh,Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","Disordered complex networks: Energy optimal lattices and persistent homology",,"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",,"volume 68","issue 8","pp. 5513-5534",2022,Aug.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Neveu's exchange formula for analysis of wireless networks with hotspot clusters",,"Frontiers in Communications and Networks",,"volume 3",,,2022,June
"Naoto Miyoshi","空間点過程に対するヌヴーの交換公式と無線ネットワークへの応用",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ",,"vol. 67","no. 4","pp. 235-241",2022,May
"Yukang Jiang,Naoto Miyoshi","Joint Performance Analysis of Ages of Information in a Multi-Source Pushout Server",,"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","IEEE","Volume 68","Issue 2","pp. 965-975",2022,Feb.
"Ayana Kurumazuka,Moeko Yajima,Naoto Miyoshi","整理券付き待ち行列",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ",,"vol. 66","no. 9","pp. 600?606",2021,Sept.
"Chiranjib  Saha,Harpreet S. Dhillon,Naoto Miyoshi,Jeffrey G. Andrews","Unified analysis of HetNets using Poisson cluster processes under max-power association",,"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","IEEE","volume 18","number 8","pp. 3797-3812",2019,Aug.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Downlink coverage probability in cellular networks with Poisson?Poisson cluster deployed base stations",,"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","IEEE","volume 8","number 1","pp. 5-8",2019,Feb.
"takafumi kanamori,YOSHIYUKI KABASHIMA,Misako Takayasu,Yumiharu Nakano,Mituhiro Fukuda,Naoto Miyoshi,Makoto Yamashita,SUMIO WATANABE","東京工業大学情報理工学院数理・計算科学系―情報の未来を作り出す数理的アプローチを探究する―",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ",,"Vol. 64","No. 1","pp. 31-32",2019,Jan.
"Yuta Takahashi,Yao Chen,Takuya Kobayashi,Naoto Miyoshi","Simple and fast PPP-based approximation of SIR distributions in downlink cellular networks",,"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","IEEE","volume 7","number 6","pp. 898-901",2018,Dec.
"Takumi Aburayama,Naoto Miyoshi","空間確率モデルを用いた無線干渉場のスケール極限",,"Communications of the Operations Research Society of Japan",,"vol. 63","no. 8","pp. 487-492",2018,Aug.
"Kiichi Tokuyama,Naoto Miyoshi","Data rate and handoff rate analysis for user mobility in cellular networks","2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)",,"IEEE",,,,2018,Apr.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","Tail asymptotics of signal-to-interference ratio distribution in spatial cellular network models",,"Probability and Mathematical Statistics",,"vol. 37","no. 2","pp. 431-453",2017,Dec.
"Fumio Machida,Naoto Miyoshi","Analysis of an optimal stopping problem for software rejuvenation in a deteriorating job processing system",,"Reliability Engineering and System Safety",,"vol. 168",,"pp. 128-135",2017,Dec.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Spatial stochastic models of wireless cellular networks",,"電子情報通信学会誌","電子情報通信学会","vol. 100","no. 4","pp. 280-286",2017,Apr.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","Spatial modeling and analysis of cellular networks using the Ginibre point process: A tutorial",,"IEICE Transactions on Communications",,"volume E99-B","number 11","pp. 2247-2255",2016,Nov.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","A sufficient condition for tail asymptotics of SIR distribution in downlink cellular networks","12th International Workshop on Spatial Stochastic Models for Wireless Networks (SpaSWiN 2016)","Proceedings of 14th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2016)",,,,"pp. 454-460",2016,May
"Takuya Kobayashi,Naoto Miyoshi","Downlink coverage probability in Ginibre-Poisson overlaid MIMO cellular networks","14th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2016)","Proceedings of 14th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2016)",,,,"pp. 369-376",2016,May
"Fumio Machida,Naoto Miyoshi","An optimal stopping problem for software rejuvenation in a job processing system","7th International Workshop on Software Aging and Rejuvenation (WoSAR 2015)","Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW)","IEEE",,,"pp. 139-143",2015,Nov.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","Downlink coverage probability in a cellular network with Ginibre deployed base stations and Nakagami-m fading channels","13th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2015)","Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt)",,,,"pp. 483-489",2015,May
"Naoto Miyoshi","セルラネットワークの空間点過程モデル",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ",,"vol. 59","no. 11","pp. 678-683",2014,Nov.
"Takuya Kobayashi,Naoto Miyoshi","Uplink cellular network models with Ginibre deployed base stations","26th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 26)","Proceedings of 26th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 26)","IEEE",,,,2014,Sept.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","A cellular network model with Ginibre configured base stations",,"Advances in Applied Probability",,"vol. 46","no. 3","pp. 832-845",2014,Sept.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","Cellular networks with α-Ginibre configurated base stations","Forum of Mathematics for Industry 2013","The Impact of Applications on Mathematics: Proceedings of the Forum of Mathematics for Industry 2013","Springer Japan",,,"pp. 211-226",2014,Aug.
"Itaru Nakata,Naoto Miyoshi","Spatial stochastic models for analysis of heterogeneous cellular networks with repulsively deployed base stations",,"Performance Evaluation",,"vol. 78",,"pp. 7-17",2014,Aug.
"Hitoshi Nagamatsu,Naoto Miyoshi,Tomoyuki Shirai","Pad? approximation for coverage probability in cellular networks","Tenth International Workshop on Spatial Stochastic Models for Wireless Networks (SpaSWiN 2014)","Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt)","IEEE",,,"pp. 693-700",2014,May
"Naoto Miyoshi","待ち行列への点過程アプローチ: 入門編",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ",,"vol. 59","no. 4","pp. 212-218",2014,Apr.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tuan Phung-Duc","特集にあたって(はじめよう待ち行列)",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ : 経営の科学","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 59","No. 4","pp. 178",2014,Apr.
"小林 拓矢,Naoto Miyoshi","BS-6-4 セルラネットワークにおける上りリンクの確率幾何モデル(BS-6.情報ネットワーク科学新世代:学生・若手研究者特集セッション,シンポジウムセッション)",,"電子情報通信学会総合大会講演論文集","一般社団法人電子情報通信学会","Vol. 2014","No. 2","pp. "S-194"-"S-195"",2014,Mar.
"永松 平,Naoto Miyoshi","2-B-8 セルラ無線通信網における被覆確率のPade近似(情報・通信(1))",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会秋季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2013",,"pp. 164-165",2013,Sept.
"小林 拓矢,Naoto Miyoshi","2-F-8 セルラネットワークにおける上りリンクの確率幾何モデル(待ち行列(3))",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会春季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2013",,"pp. 252-253",2013,Mar.
"小林 拓矢,Naoto Miyoshi,宮田 純子","1-E-1 ユーザーによる干渉を考慮したセルラネットワークの幾何確率モデル(特別セッション 待ち行列と確率モデル(1))",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会秋季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2012",,"pp. 74-75",2012,Sept.
"Naoki Tsukada,Ryo Hirade,Naoto Miyoshi","Fluid limit analysis of FIFO and RR caching for independent reference models",,"Performance Evaluation",,"vol. 69","no. 9","pp. 403-412",2012,Sept.
"Hiroshi Toyoizumi,Seiichi Tani,Naoto Miyoshi,Yoshio Okamoto","Reverse preferential spread in complex networks",,"Physical Review E",,"vol. 86","no. 2","  021103",2012,Aug.
"垣江 暢大,Naoto Miyoshi","1-E-5 複数種類のオブジェクトから成る平均場相互作用モデルとそのキャッシュアルゴリズムのミス率解析への応用(待ち行列・確率モデル)",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会春季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2012",,"pp. 84-85",2012,Mar.
"Naoto Miyoshi","On the stationary LCFS-PR single-server queue: A characterization via stochastic intensity",,"Numerical Algebra, Control and Optimization",,"vol. 1","no. 4","pp. 713-725",2011,Dec.
"Satoshi Chida,Naoto Miyoshi","Limiting size index distributions for ball-bin models with Zipf-type frequencies",,"Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics",,"vol. 63","no. 4","pp. 745-768",2011,Aug.
"穴太 克則,垣江 暢大,Naoto Miyoshi","2-D-4 Odds theorem in Markov-dependent trials with multiple selection chances",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会春季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2011",,"pp. 192-193",2011,Mar.
"穴太 克則,垣江 暢大,Naoto Miyoshi","Odds theorem in Markov-dependent trials with multiple selection chances (不確実性下における意思決定問題--RIMS研究集会報告集)",,"数理解析研究所講究録","京都大学","Vol. 1734",,"pp. 212-219",2011,Mar.
"塚田 直樹,平出 涼,Naoto Miyoshi","1-B-4 FIFOキャッシュアルゴリズムの流体解析(待ち行列(1))",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会春季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2011",,"pp. 30-31",2011,Mar.
"Katsunori Ano,Hideo Kakinuma,Naoto Miyoshi","Odds theorem with multiple selection chances",,"Journal of Applied Probability",,"vol. 47","no. 4","pp. 1093-1104",2010,Dec.
"Naoto Miyoshi","確率モデルのシミュレーションにおける摂動解析法",,"オペレーションズ・リサーチ : 経営の科学 = [O]perations research as a management science [r]esearch","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 55","No. 11","pp. 720-722",2010,Nov.
"中村 天真,Naoto Miyoshi","2-D-5 Cox/M/c/0システムにおける呼損率の不変性(待ち行列(2))",,"日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会秋季研究発表会アブストラクト集","公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会","Vol. 2010",,"pp. 180-181",2010,Sept.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Mariko Ogura,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara","Subexponential interval graphs generated by immigration-death processes",,"Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences",,"vol. 24","no. 2","pp. 289-301",2010,Apr.
"穴太 克則,柿沼 英夫,Naoto Miyoshi","Multiple Sums-the-Odds Theorem (不確実・不確定性下での意思決定過程--RIMS研究集会報告集)",,"数理解析研究所講究録","京都大学","Vol. 1682",,"pp. 41-49",2010,Apr.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara,Osamu Watanabe","Scale free interval graphs",,"Theoretical Computer Science",,"vol. 410","no. 45","pp. 4588-4600",2009,Oct.
"Katsunori Ano,Hideo Kakinuma,Naoto Miyoshi","Multiple sums-the-odds theorem","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会2009年春季研究発表会","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会2009年春季研究発表会アブストラクト集",,,,,2009,Mar.
"Ryo Hirade,Takayuki Osogami,Naoto Miyoshi","2Qアルゴリズムのヒット率最大化","待ち行列シンポジウム「確率モデルとその応用」","Proceedings of the Queueing Symposium: Stochastic Models and their Applications",,,,"pp. 26-34",2009,Jan.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Mariko Ogura,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara","Subexponential interval graphs generated by immigration-death processes","待ち行列シンポジウム「確率モデルとその応用」","Proceedings of the Queueing Symposium: Stochastic Models and their Applications",,,,"pp. 88-97",2009,Jan.
"Kentaro Suzuki,Naoto Miyoshi,Masakazu Kojima","A numerical method for survival probability of diffusion processes using semidefinite programming",,"Transactions of the Operations Research Society of Japan",,"vol. 51",,"pp. 25-43",2008,Dec.
"Masaki Aida,Naoto Miyoshi,Keishuke Ishibashi","A change-of-measure approach to per-flow delay measurement combining passive and active methods: Mathematical formulation for CoMPACT Monitor",,"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",,"vol. 54","no. 11","pp. 4966-4979",2008,Nov.
"Mariko Ogura,Naoto Miyoshi,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara","無限サーバ待ち行列がつくるスケールフリー区間グラフ: クラスタ係数の評価","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会2008年秋季研究発表会","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会2008年秋季研究発表会アブストラクト集",,,,"pp. 270-271",2008,Sept.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Mariko Ogura,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara","Scale-free interval graphs generated by immigration-death processes","2008 International Workshop on Applied Probability (IWAP 2008)","Proceedings of 2008 International Workshop on Applied Probability (IWAP 2008)",,,,"pp. CD-ROM",2008,July
"Naoto Miyoshi,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara,Osamu Watanabe","Scale-free interval graphs","4th International Conference on Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management (AAIM 2008)","Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management","Springer","vol. LNCS5034",,"pp. 292-303",2008,June
"Naoto Miyoshi","Zipf型頻度分布をもつボールとビンの確率モデルにおける寸法指標の極限分布","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会待ち行列研究部会第206会例会",,,,,,2008,May
"Takeya Shigezumi,Naoto Miyoshi,Ryuhei Uehara,Osamu Watanabe","Scale free interval graphs","The First Asian Association for Algorithms and Computation Annual Meeting (AAAC08)",,,,,,2008,Apr.
"Mariko Ogura,Takeya Shigezumi,Naoto Miyoshi,Ryuhei Uehara","無限サーバ待ち行列がつくるスケールフリー区間グラフ","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会2008年春季研究発表会","日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会2008年春季研究発表会アブストラクト集",,,,"pp. 134-135",2008,Mar.
"Takeya Shigezumi,Naoto Miyoshi,Ryuhei Uehara,Osamu Watanabe","Scale free interval graphs","電子情報通信学会2008年総合大会",,,,,,2008,Mar.
"小野寺久人,Naoto Miyoshi","P2Pネットワークにおける確率的フラッディングの効果について","待ち行列シンポジウム「確率モデルとその応用」",,,,,,2008,Jan.
"Satoshi Chida,Naoto Miyoshi","Limiting size index distributions for Zipf-type word frequencies","待ち行列シンポジウム「確率モデルとその応用」","Proceedings of the Queueing Symposium: Stochastic Models and Their Applications",,,,"pp. 97-106",2008,Jan.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Dual form of Markov renewal equations and an application to asymptotic analysis of a single-server queue",,"Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan",,"Vol. 50","No. 4","pp. 390-403",2007,Dec.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Takeya Shigezumi,Ryuhei Uehara,Osamu Watanabe","Scale Free Interval Graphs","東京工業大学グローバル COE 「計算世界観の深化と展開」発足シンポジウム",,,,,,2007,Dec.
"Tsunehiko Muraki,Masaki Aida,Naoto Miyoshi","測度変換型品質測定技術によるフロー毎品質推定のスケーラビリティ評価","電子情報通信学会 情報ネットワーク研究会","電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 [情報ネットワーク]",,,"no. IN2006-263",,2007,Mar.
"篠塚耕一,Naoto Miyoshi,塩田茂雄","DDoS攻撃に対するIPトレースバック技術の漸近評価","待ち行列シンポジウム「ユビキタスネットワーク社会における情報通信サービスの設計・評価法」",,,,,,2007,Jan.
"Toyoaki Sugimoto,Naoto Miyoshi","On the asymptotics of fault probability in least-recently-used caching with Zipf-type request distribution",,"Random Structures and Algorithms",,"Vol. 29","No. 3","pp. 296-323",2006,Oct.
"篠塚耕一,Naoto Miyoshi,塩田茂雄","クーポン収集問題の漸近解析とIPトレースバック技術への応用","待ち行列シンポジウム「確率モデルとその応用」",,,,,,2006,Jan.
"Fumio Ishizaki,Naoto Miyoshi","Sample-path analysis of the proportional relation and its constant for discrete-time single-server queues",,"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis",,"Vol. 2006","No. 1","pp. Article ID 47125",2006,
"Naoto Miyoshi","A note on bounds and monotonicity of spatial stationary Cox shot noises [Correction]",,"Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences",,"Vol. 18 [19]","No. 4 [3]","pp. 561-571 [405-407]",2004,Oct.
"Naoto Miyoshi","On the subexponential properties in stationary single-server queues: A Palm-martingale approach",,"Advances in Applied Probability",,"Vol. 36","No. 3","pp. 872-892",2004,Sept.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Tomasz Rolski","Ross-type conjectures on monotonicity of queues",,"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics",,"Vol. 46","No. 1","pp. 121-131",2004,Mar.
"Shinya Sano,Naoto Miyoshi,Ryohei Kataoka","<i>m</i>-Balanced words: A generalization of balanced words",,"Theoretical Computer Science",,"vol. 314","no. 1-2","pp. 97-120",2004,Feb.
"Masaki Aida,Naoto Miyoshi,Keisuke Ishibashi","A scalable and lightweight QoS monitoring technique combining passive and active approaches: On the mathematical formulation of CoMPACT Monitor","IEEE INFOCOM 2003","Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2003",,,,"pp. 125-133",2003,Apr.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Fumio Ishizaki","A unified approach to the proportional relation for discrete-time single-server queues",,"Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications",,"Vol. 42","No. 2","pp. 201-212",2002,Oct.
"Naoto Miyoshi","On the stationary workload distribution of work-conserving single-server queues: A general formula via stochastic intensity",,"Journal of Applied Probability",,"Vol. 38","No. 3","pp. 793-798",2001,Sept.
"Shinya Sano,Naoto Miyoshi","Applications of m-balanced sequences to some network scheduling problems","5th Workshop on Discrete Event Systems","Discrete Event Systems: Analysis and Control",,,,"pp. 317-325",2000,Aug.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Application of IPA to the sensitivity analysis of the leaky-bucket filter with stationary gradual input",,"Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences",,"Vol. 14","No. 2","pp. 219-241",2000,Apr.
"Takayuki Takagi,Naoto Miyoshi","On the implementation of smoothed perturbation analysis estimator for a single-server queue with multiple vacations","1999 Winter Simulation Conference","1999 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings",,,,"pp. 435-441",1999,Dec.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Weak stationary solution of a G/G/1/infinity queue controlled by IPA-based SA with constant stepsize","37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control",,,,"pp. 1716-1721",1998,Dec.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Sensitivity estimation of the cell-delay in the leaky bucket traffic filter with stationary gradual input","4th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems","Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems",,,,"pp. 190-195",1998,Aug.
"Daiji Horibe,Naoto Miyoshi","Application of smoothed perturbation analysis to a discrete-time stationary queue",,"Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan",,"Vol. 41","No. 1","pp. 152-165",1998,Mar.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Smoothed perturbation analysis for stationary single-server queues with multiple customer classes",,"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications",,"Vol. 7","No. 3","pp. 275-293",1997,June
"Naoto Miyoshi,Toshiharu Hasegawa","Smoothed perturbation analysis for single-server queues with some general service disciplines",,"Advances in Applied Probability",,"Vol. 29","No. 2","pp. 545-566",1997,June
"Yoshihiro Yamada,Naoto Miyoshi,Toshiharu Hasegawa","Sensitivity analysis of the loss probability in a stationary gradual queue for high-speed networks","IEEE INFOCOM '97","Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '97",,,,"pp. 1116-1123",1997,Apr.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Studies on Gradient Estimation for Stationary Single-Server Queues",,,,,,,1997,Mar.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Toshiharu Hasegawa","On-line derivative estimation for the multiclass single-server priority queue using perturbation analysis",,"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control",,"Vol. 41","No. 2","pp. 300-305",1996,Feb.
"Naoto Miyoshi","Smoothed perturbation analysis estimates for stationary multi-class queues","34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","Proceedings of 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control",,,,"pp. 2612-2617",1995,Dec.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Toshiharu Hasegawa","Sample path optimization with respect to input fraction of two job classes in queues","Third European Control Conference","Proceedings of the Third European Control Conference",,,,"pp. 395-400",1995,Sept.
"Naoto Miyoshi,Toshiharu Hasegawa","Perturbation analysis for the GI/G/1 queue with two priority classes","11th International Conference on Analysis and Optimization of Systems","Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Analysis and Optimization of Systems","Springer-Verlag","Vol. LNCIS199",,"pp. 436-442",1994,June
"Naoto Miyoshi,Toshiharu Hasegawa","On-line derivative estimation for the GI/G/1 queue with multiple vacations and Bernoulli service discipline","14th International Teletraffic Congress","The Fundamental Role of Teletraffic in the Evolution of Telecommunications Networks","Elsevier",,,"pp. 709-718",1994,June
"Naoto Miyoshi,Masamitsu Ohnishi,Norio Okino","Optimal service control of a station connected with two parallel substations",,"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control",,"Vol. 38","No. 10","pp. 1567-1572",1993,Oct.