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Title
Japanese: 
English:Void Formation in the Growing Scale induced by the Divergence of the Diffusional Ionic Flux in High Temperature Oxidation of Metals 
Author
Japanese: 丸山 俊夫, 上田 光敏, 河村 憲一.  
English: Toshio Maruyama, Mitsutoshi Ueda, Kenichi Kawamura.  
Language English 
Journal/Book name
Japanese: 
English:Defect and Diffusion Forum 
Volume, Number, Page         pp. 289-292
Published date Apr. 2009 
Publisher
Japanese: 
English:Trans Tech Publications 
Conference name
Japanese: 
English:DIMAT2008 
Conference site
Japanese: 
English:Lanzarote (Canary Islands), Spain 
DOI https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.289-292.1
Abstract Voids are frequently generated and dispersed in oxide scales formed in high temperature oxidation of metals. The divergence of ionic flux may play an important role in the void formation in a growing scale. Kinetic equations were derived for describing chemical potential distribution, ionic fluxes and their divergence in the scale. The divergence was found to be the measure of void formation. Defect chemistry in scales is directly related to the sign of divergence and gives an indication of the void formation behavior. The quantitative estimation on the void formation was successfully applied to a growing magnetite scale in high temperature oxidation of iron at 823 K.

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