A review. Vanadium compds. have attracted much attention because they have widely been used for homogeneous, heterogeneous, industrial, and biol. oxidn. processes with alkyl hydroperoxides, H2O2, and O2. The present review summarizes recent developments for homogeneous and heterogeneous liq.-phase oxidn. of hydrocarbons with H2O2 catalyzed by vanadium complexes and vanadium-based polyoxometalates including recent studies on selective oxidn. of hydrocarbons with H2O2 catalyzed by divanadium-substituted polyoxotungstates, [ホウ-SiW10O36V2(ホシ-OH)2]4- and [ホウ-PW10O36V2(ホシ-OH)2]3-. [on SciFinder(R)]