Cu-Zn-Ti catalysts were prepd. by copptn. method. The calcined and reduced Cu-Zn-Ti catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), XPS, temp.-programmed redn. (TPR), and N2 adsorption. The calcined Cu-Zn-Ti catalysts were composed of CuO, ZnO, and amorphous TiO2. There were two kinds of CuO species present in the calcined Cu-Zn-Ti catalyst. At a lower copper content, CuO species interacted with ZnO and TiO2; at a higher copper content, both the surface-anchored and bulk CuO species were present. After redn., metallic copper (Cu) appeared in all Cu-Zn-Ti catalysts. Cu produced by redn. of the surface-anchored CuO favored the deep hydrogenation of maleic anhydride. ZnO and TiO2 had synergistic effect on the catalytic activity of Cu-Zn-Ti catalysts in hydrogenation of maleic anhydride.
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