This paper reviews the analyses of several slope failures in Japan associated with clay seams and assesses the significance of ground water level. Constant-volume shear box tests were used to obtain the strength parameters. The research considered the significance of capillary forces in the clay mass in the development of a laboratory-established cohesion. It was concluded that the laboratory-obtained apparent cohesion may not be applicable in actual site conditions and that a more realistic value can be obtained using submerged/saturated samples in the constant-volume direct shear test. The practical implications of this are demonstrated with a review of the Guinsaugon rockslide, South Leyte, Philippines.
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