Recent rapid progress of the computing environment – both in hardware (e.g., processor, storage and network infrastructure) and software (e.g., database, statistics, GIS and Web API technologies) – has facilitated large-scale data mining and multifaceted tempo-spatial analyses for archaeology. These innovative approaches are about to change the way of archaeological thinking itself. First, the database-oriented data processing enables us to canonicalize and quantify the attributes and classes of archaeological features (e.g., sites, built structures and artifacts). Second, the integration of library-oriented systems (e.g., bibliographical database) and museum/archaeology-oriented systems (e.g., artifact catalogue and site database) allows researchers to retrieve and reorganize the data more quickly and seamlessly than before. Third, the network computing technology provides an opportunity for researchers in remote institutions to edit and share a large database and knowledge base in collaboration in a relatively short term. This paper presents the authors’ lithic industry database for the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Project (Neander DB) as a practical case study of such a network-based and scalable archaeological database in the 2010s.
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