Nano-sized carbon fibers (∼500 nmϕ) have received great attention not only for scientific research but also for energy and/or
electrical device applications etc. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been developed and different morphologies have been obtained.
The morphology of the CNF depends on the raw material and the production process. In this paper we investigate the
ways to produce CNFs and have classified them into five classes. 1: CVD process, 2: Template carbonization process, 3: Electro-spinning
process, 4: Polymer blend process and 5: Wet spinning process. The differences in the morphology of the CNFs
produced with different processes come from the different raw materials and the different mechanism of the fiber formation,
such as deposition, drying speed (agglomeration speed)，spinning speed (molecular orientation) and so on. We summarized
the fundamentals of morphology formation as fiber diameter, surface configuration and continuity with different processes
investigated in the latest reports.
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