Effects of RC pile damage on superstructure behavior were investigated based on liquefaction tests using a large scale laminar shear box. The following conclusions were reached: (1) the superstructure moved to and fro slightly after the bending failure of pile heads occurred; (2) the superstructure moved to and fro significantly after the bending failure of pile heads and middle part of piles occurred; (3) the superstructure moved to one-side and settled with the progression of the piles failure; (4) vertical acceleration of the superstructure during an aftershock differed from that during a foreshock in a predominant period and amplitude.