Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formate was achieved using copper (Cu) catalysts in the presence of strong organic bases including amidines and guanidines. Specifically, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) proved to be effective for the transformation of a 1:1 mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide into its formate salt under increased pressure in the presence of various Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts at 100 °C. A novel complex derived from copper iodide and DBU equally promoted the same reaction, indicating that DBU-Cu species are involved as real catalysts in the hydrogenation.
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