The housefly (Musca domestica) is an important
host for a variety of bacteria, including some pathogenic and
antibiotic-resistant strains. To further investigate the relationship
between the housefly and the bacteria it harbors, it is
necessary to understand the fate of microorganisms during the
larval metamorphosis. The major bacterial communities in
three developmental stages of the housefly (maggot, pupa,
and adult fly) were investigated by a culture-independent
method, polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis (PCR−DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes.
The bacteria that were identified using DGGE analysis
spanned phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes.
Changes in the predominant genera were observed during the
housefly development. Bacteroides, Koukoulia, and Schineria
were detected in maggots, Neisseria in pupae, and Macrococcus,
Lactococcus, and Kurthia in adult flies. Antibioticresistant
bacteria were screened using a selective medium and
tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Most resistant isolates from
maggots and pupae were classified as Proteus spp., while
those from adult flies were much more diverse and spanned
12 genera. Among 20 tested strains across the three stages, 18
were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Overall, we demonstrated
that there are changes in the major bacterial communities
and antibiotic-resistant strains as the housefly develops.
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