<p>Dijet events produced in LHC proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> are studied with the ATLAS detector using the full 2012 data set, with an integrated luminosity of <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>20.3</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>fb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. Dijet masses up to about 4.5 TeV are probed. No resonancelike features are observed in the dijet mass spectrum. Limits on the cross section times acceptance are set at the 95% credibility level for various hypotheses of new phenomena in terms of mass or energy scale, as appropriate. This analysis excludes excited quarks with a mass below 4.06 TeV, color-octet scalars with a mass below 2.70 TeV, heavy <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula> bosons with a mass below 2.45 TeV, chiral <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula> bosons with a mass below 1.75 TeV, and quantum black holes with six extra space-time dimensions with threshold mass below