In recent years, particulate matter (PM) emitted from direct-injection gasoline vehicles is becoming an increasingly concerning problem. In addition, it is often reported that ammonia (NH3) is emitted from gasoline vehicles equipped with a three-way catalyst. These emissions might be largely emitted especially when driving in on-road driving conditions. In this study, we investigated the emissions, NOx, NH3, and PM/PN (particulate number) of a light-duty direct-injection gasoline vehicle when driving on actual roads. Using a small direct-injection gasoline vehicle equipped with a threeway catalyst, experiment was conducted 8 times on the same route, and these emissions were measured. In this study, vehicle specific power (VSP) was introduced, which can be calculated using vehicle parameters, vehicle speed, and road gradient. The effects of parameters acquired through on-board diagnostics (OBD) port and VSP on emissions were investigated. Based on these measurements, "where" and "how much" NOx, NH3, and PM/PN were emitted were emphasized. As a result, it was clarified that a large amount of NOx is emitted after the fuel is cut during deceleration, NH3 is emitted when the air-fuel ratio becomes rich, and PM/PN is emitted during rapid acceleration of the vehicle. Cross-correlation function is also introduced to identify parameters that has similar properties to avoid redundancy when analyzing the causes and effects of the exhaust gas emissions.
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